Spearfishing for Beginners- The Ultimate Guide

There is nothing more satisfying than bringing home that fresh fish, right?

Sustainably caught. By your own hands.

I created this guide for spearfishing for beginners because spearfishing can be one of the most complex sports in the world.

It can be overwhelming when you are just starting out.

I understand. I have been there too.

Whether you are looking for advice on beginner spearfishing gear, finding a spearo buddy or seeking to master noob spearfishing techniques:

This Guide will kickstart your spearo journey and show you how to start spearfishing the right way.

Freediving & Spearfishing Course

Starting out, I thought I had spearfishing figured out on my own.

I was afraid of using weights because, frankly, they intimidated me. 

So, I dove without them, trying to reach depths with exhaling before the dives, not realizing I was actually risking my health.

If I had enrolled in a course from the get-go, I would have understood the importance of proper weighting and how to dive safely.

Once I corrected my course and took two freediving courses, the difference was night and day. 

I was blown away by my capabilities to control my body with my willpower. 

I was hooked.

And this was only possible because I had an experienced freediving instructor by my side. 

So I was able to practice in stable conditions.

Here’s how courses will help you to start spearfishing:

Freediving Course: 

• Enhances your breath-hold,
• improves underwater efficiency (less oxcygen consumption because of relaxation)
• Some basic freedive theory
• and increases comfort in the ocean. 

Beginner Spearfishing Course: 

• Provides specific hunting techniques
• gear knowledge
• and a deeper understanding of marine conservation.

Also in both you will meet likeminded people and hopefully even find a dive buddy.

Join a Spearfishing Club

Joining a spearfishing organization isn’t just about finding dive spots; it’s about becoming part of a community.

When I first got serious about spearfishing, I started this spearfishing blog so I could connect with other spearos around the world.

Because I do not have the privilege of a spearfishing club nearby (spearfishing is forbidden in my country).

So if you have the choice, join a local spearo club!

It’s one thing to learn techniques and theory, but it’s another to share experiences and learn from others who are just as passionate about the sport. 

Here’s what being part of an organization brings to the table: 

Shared Knowledge: You’ll have access to a wealth of knowledge from experienced spearfishers. Tips on the best local spots, gear advice, and advanced techniques become readily available. 

Safety in Numbers: Spearfishing with others isn’t just more fun; it’s safer. There’s always someone to watch your back, and in a sport where safety is paramount, that’s invaluable. 

Environmental Advocacy: Many organizations are involved in marine conservation efforts. Joining means you can contribute to protecting the oceans you dive in, making your hobby sustainable for future generations. 

Social Connections: This goes beyond finding a dive buddy. It’s about building friendships with people who share your interests. Events, competitions, and social gatherings keep the community tight-knit. 

Finding the right organization can be as simple as a Google search or checking out social media groups. 

Don’t underestimate the value of these communities; they can significantly enhance your spearfishing journey, providing support, education, and friendship.

Find a Mentor or Spearfishing Buddy

I once headed to Greece, all set for a solo spearfishing adventure, only to discover the universe had other plans.

One morning, just outside my Airbnb, I overheard someone asking, 

“Do you know any good spearfishing spots around here?”.

Turns out, two spearos had just checked into the Airbnb next door.

What started as a lucky encounter turned into one of my most valuable learning experiences.

I was fortunate enough to spend my days learning from the more experienced of the two:

He showed me how to rig my speargun correctly.

He taught me the art of approaching groupers quietly, turning what could have been a fruitless endeavor into successful catches.

He even shared the best practices for washing my wetsuit. – Actually his wetsuit, he lent me one haha.

What am I getting at here?

The benefits of finding a mentor or dive buddy are clear: 

You learn practical, hands-on skills that are hard to pick up from reading or videos.

You get to share experiences and challenges together, making each dive not just a learning opportunity but a shared adventure.

Safety. Diving with someone experienced not only makes each trip safer but also instills best practices for future dives.

You become part of a community, sharing spots, tips, and sometimes, gear.

That spontaneous connection in Greece taught me that while spearfishing can be pursued solo, the real magic happens when you dive into it with a mentor.

So, whether it’s through local clubs, online communities, or even a chance encounter, finding a mentor or dive buddy can elevate your spearfishing in ways you can’t imagine.

Get a Fishing License – More Than Red Tape

I know guys… At first, getting you spearfishing licence seems like annoying red tape. 

But trust me, getting a fishing license isn’t just beauracracy it’s your entry ticket to the underwater world, done right.

Why you ask?

Well, it’s simple. This license is more than just a formality; it’s a commitment to sustainable fishing practices and marine conservation. 

Every region has its own set of rules and regulations designed to protect local marine ecosystems and ensure that fish populations thrive for generations to come. 

By obtaining your license, you’re playing a part in that conservation effort.

But it’s not just about the environment.

Having that license in your pocket means you’re on the right side of the law. The last thing you want is your spearfishing adventure cut short by a hefty fine or, worse, legal action because you didn’t do your homework.

Here’s the kicker: Getting a license usually involves some education on local fishing regulations, like size limits, species protection, and seasonal restrictions. This knowledge is invaluable. 

Unfortunately in most countries in Europe it is really hard to get the right Info. Another reason why I started this blog.

Because not only does the process of getting the licence help you avoid fines, but it also makes you a more informed and sustainable spearfisher. 

And there’s a bonus: In many places, the fees from your license go directly towards conservation efforts and fishery management programs. 

So, not only are you keeping yourself out of trouble, but you’re also contributing to the health of the ecosystems you enjoy diving in.

So, before you gear up for your next spearfishing trip, make sure getting a fishing license is at the top of your checklist.I will help you as best I can with my Spearfishing Destination Guides here on my blog. 🙂

Plan Your First Spearfishing Mission
– How to Select the Right Location and Conditions

Knowing where to start can be the difference between a successful dive and a frustrating day at sea.

Choosing the right place and the right conditions is crucial, especially on your first venture into the underwater world.

Why calm sea conditions matter:

Imagine the serene, crystal-clear waters of the Mediterranean. 

The sea equivalent of the baby pool in the public swimming pool.

That’s what you’re aiming for.

Calm seas not only make your dive more enjoyable but also safer and more productive.

In tranquil waters, visibility improves, allowing you to spot fish more easily and navigate underwater features confidently. 

Turbulent conditions, on the other hand, can disorient you and stir up the seabed, reducing visibility and making your target fish skittish.

Seeking controlled sea conditions:

Beyond calm waters, look for areas with controlled sea conditions—places where boat traffic is minimal and the risk of encountering sharks is lower. This isn’t just about safety; it’s about peace of mind. Knowing you’re diving in a spot free from the buzz of boats and the worry of unwelcome apex predators lets you focus on the hunt and your technique.

Here’s how to ensure you pick the right spot for your first mission:

• Research: Start with local spearfishing forums, clubs, or shops.
  Experienced spearos can offer invaluable advice on beginner-friendly spots.
  
• Scout: If possible, visit locations at different times to observe the sea conditions and talk to locals about the best times to dive.
  
• Check Weather and Marine Conditions: Use apps or websites dedicated to marine forecasts to choose days with optimal conditions.
  
• Safety First: Always prioritize spots known for their safety and friendly conditions to new spearos. It’s better to have an easy, successful first dive than to challenge yourself with difficult conditions.
  
• Check Accessibility: Look for spots that are not too difficult to access, especially if you’re carrying gear. Easy shore access or a short boat ride can make your first experience much smoother.

Your first spearfishing trip should be about learning and enjoyment, not battling the elements. 

Select your Spearfishing Gear for Beginners

Stepping into the world of spearfishing means gearing up right. 

For beginners, understanding what equipment you need can be overwhelming, but don’t worry, I’ve got you covered. 

Here’s a rundown of the essential gear to get you started:

Speargun or Polespear?

I myself started spearfishing with a band-powered speargun, affordable and effective for beginners. 

Since we are focussing on the best options for newcomers, I would not recommend pneumatic spearguns due to their high cost.

Polespears are also a good option, so here is the quick rundown:

Pole Spears

Ideal for beginners or those who prefer simplicity. They excel in shallow, structure-rich environments thanks to their straightforward design, allowing for easy maneuvering. 

They’re affordable, making them attractive for new spearos, and contrary to popular belief, can be quickly reloaded with a bit of practice. 

Their simplicity let’s noob spearos focus on mastering the essentials. 

Pros:

• Easy to use.
• Cost-effective.
• Stealthy for close-range.

Spearguns

More common and versatile, spearguns are preferred for a broader range of diving conditions, especially in open waters or when targeting larger fish. 

They provide extended reach and power, which are crucial in deeper waters. Though more expensive (there are some good beginner spearguns though) and with a slight learning curve, the investment significantly enhances your capabilities.

Pros:

• Increased range and power.
• Precise shots thanks to a trigger mechanism.
• Suitable for larger prey and varied conditions.

My Recommendation:

Go with a Speargun. 

Aim for a band-powered one (one or two bands), length between 70 cm to 100 cm. 

Perfect for various spots, from reefs to open sea, and good for fish up to 18kg/ 40 lbs. 

Since you probably will do a lot of reef fishing, 70 cm has the perfect balance between maneuverability and power.

Budget-wise, you’re looking at around 130€/ $150 for a solid beginner speargun. 

This price gets you a basic, reliable model from trusted brands like Cressi, Rob Allen, and Mares—great for learning the ropes without emptying your pockets.

Mask and Snorkel: Visibility is key. A comfortable, well-fitting mask and a reliable snorkel are non-negotiable for spotting your target and navigating underwater.

Spearfishing Mask

Choosing the right mask and snorkel for spearfishing isn’t about style; it’s about fit, comfort, and functionality.

Masks for spearfishing, are sleeker than their scuba or snorkeling counterparts.

This has three benefits:

1. Improved Visibility: With a closer lens to your face, low-volume masks provide a wider field of vision, allowing you to see more of your surroundings.
2. Easier Equalization: The reduced air space in low-volume masks means less effort is needed to equalize the pressure as you dive deeper.
3. Reduced Drag: Their sleek design minimizes resistance in the water, enabling smoother and more efficient movement.

Here’s how to make sure you pick the perfect pair:

1. Try Before You Buy: Everyone’s face is unique. What fits one person might not fit another, especially if you have a larger nose or a unique face shape. It’s crucial to test a mask in person if you can.
2. Testing the Fit: In the shop, place the mask on your face without the strap. Inhale through your nose. A perfect fit means no air leaks and the mask stays put. Air leaks? Not the mask for you.
3. Smile Test: When testing, smile. Some masks fit well until you smile or laugh, which can let water in. Find a mask that seals well, even when you express joy underwater.
4. Moustache Woes: For those sporting a moustache, achieving a good seal can be tricky. Consider shaving the top of your lip for a better fit (and a neat mafioso look, haha) or apply a thick layer of Vaseline to your mustache to create a watertight seal.

How to Defog Your Freediving Mask

Burn the inside of your mask glasses or scrub them with a toothbrush and toothpaste to remove the foggy silicone layer. 

Buy some “Anti Fog” gel/spray (or use your saliva). You will thank me later. 🙂

Snorkel

When selecting a snorkel for spearfishing, simplicity is key.

Spearfishing snorkels are designed for efficiency: they’re typically straightforward J-shaped tubes, made from rubber or plastic, ending in a silicone mouthpiece for comfort.

Some models include a water release valve at the base for easier mask clearing, but some spearos say that you might spook sensitive fish with the noise.

Colorful snorkels, especially in white or red, stand out against the water, making it easier for your buddy to spot you from a distance.

Do not spend too much money on them.

Spearfishing Fins

Spearfishing fins and freediving fins share similarities but are tailored for different purposes.

Spearfishing fins often prioritize durability and power for quick bursts of speed and maneuverability in hunting scenarios. Freediving fins, on the other hand, emphasize efficiency and comfort for long duration dives, focusing on smooth, energy-conserving movements. 

Both types are longer than typical snorkeling fins.

When selecting your first spearfishing freediving fins, focus on material, stiffness, and fit.

You can choose from: 

• plastic (durable, cost-effective, €), 
• fiberglass (better performance, €€),
• or carbon fiber (lightweight, highest performance,€€-€€€),

based on your budget and needs. 

Nowadays it is sometimes more expensive to get good fiberglass fins than carbon fiber fins (at least in Europe).

Personally I like to use fiberglass fins because I do a lot of reef spearfishing and carbon fiber fins are a little more delicate than fiberglass.

Pick a stiffness level that matches your leg strength to avoid fatigue, and ensure the fins fit well for comfort and efficient movement.

You have the two options when buying spearfishing fins: 

1. Buy the blades already attached to your footpockets
2. Or buy footpockets and blades seperately. 

Either way, visit the local store, try different foot pockets and make sure the person takes their time consulting you. 

Nothing is more annoying than an ill-fitting foot pocket.

Spearfishing Socks and Gloves

Neoprene spearfishing socks are essential for comfort and protection while diving.

They keep your feet warm in cold water and protect against blisters and keep your ankles save from the rocks.

It’s crucial to select socks that fit well with your footpockets.

If you plan on wearing thicker socks, ensure your fins can accommodate them without being too tight or loose.

Here’s the scoop on spearfishing gloves: you don’t need to break the bank for these.

Especially for beginner spearfishing, high-end spearfishing gloves aren’t necessary (except if you are diving in very cold water).

You can find suitable gloves at your local hardware store at a fraction of the price of specialized spearfishing gear.

These gloves are tough enough to protect your hands from cuts and abrasions while handling gear or fish. Another great thing about these is, that they are also thin enough to keep your fingers flexible.

Spearfishing Wetsuit Choice

When choosing a wetsuit for spearfishing, there are several key factors to consider including the material, thickness, and fit.

If you are searching for a spearfishing wetsuit, you will likely encounter two types of materials*:

• Open Cell Neoprene: Offers excellent warmth and a snug fit due to its ability to adhere closely to the skin, requiring wetsuit lube to put on. However, the inside is more delicate and can be easily damaged by sharp objects or even fingernails​​. It will still have Nylon on the outside for better protection.
• Lined (Nylon/Polyester) Neoprene: Provides extra durability and ease of donning without lube, making it more user-friendly. It’s not as warm as open cell but withstands rough handling better​​​​.

*Actually three if you count the Smooth Skin freediving wetsuits.

I would recommend you get an Open Cell Wetsuit. They are not way more expensive and keep you warm while giving you a great deal of flexibility.

Regarding the wetsuit thickness for spearfishing, I would recommend you check your local water temperatures in the seasons you will be diving in:

Choosing the right thickness is crucial for comfort and safety, as both overheating and getting too cold can cut your dive short. 

Keep in mind, personal tolerance to cold varies, so adjust accordingly.

A wetsuit should fit snugly without being too restrictive, allowing for a full range of motion. 

Weight Belt

Before you decide to get a belt, let’s talk different types of weight belts:

Material: Freediving weight belts come in the following versions:

• webbing (nylon, non-stretch, less comfortable,€)
• rubber (stretchable, snug fit, durable, €),
• and silicone (most elastic, durable, resistant to elements, €€-€€€).

For beginners I would suggest you get a rubber belt. They are cheap, comfortable and stretch well. If you have some more cash, directly go with the silicone belt.

How Much Weight Do I Need Spearfishing?

As a Spearo you might need a bit more weight compared to freedivers, especially when diving in shallow waters.

Your weight belt setup depends on your wetsuit thickness, body weight, and dive depth.

Calculating Weight: A good rule of thumb is adding 1kg of weight for every mm of your wetsuit’s thickness. For a 5mm wetsuit, start with around 5kg.

Adjust to achieve neutral buoyancy at half your dive depth—this is where comfort and safety intersect (e.g. if you are diving 20m, you should be neutrally buoyant at 10m).

To make sure you are not overweighted, you can do the following:

1. Get into the water, flood your wetsuit to eliminate any trapped air.
2. Then, lie horizontally on the surface and exhale.
3. You should easily maintain a flat, comfortable position on the water.

If you are sinking or you have to kick hard to stay on the surface, you got too much weight on you.

It is try and error, guys!

Too much weight makes surface resting and breathing up challenging. Overweighting increases the risk of sinking in case of a blackout. It also makes ascending harder, particularly when you’re most oxygen-depleted.

Tip: Bring an extra half-kilo of weight to fine-tune buoyancy during your dive. If you are not using it, you can put it at the bottom of your buoy. This will help balance it as well.

Always make sure you can easily ditch the weight belt in an emergency.

Spearfishing Knife

Alright, let’s keep it real and straight to the point about spearfishing knives:

Why do you need one?

Imagine getting tangled up in old fishing lines underwater. Scary, right?

Your spearfishing knife is your best buddy here, slicing through trouble so you can swim free.

And when you’ve caught that prize fish?

Your knife ensures you can quickly and humanely take care of it.

Where to wear it?

Preferences vary, but strapping it on your arm, inner leg or to your weightbelt are solid choices.

I personally lean towards having one on each when I’m spearfishing alone.

Better safe than sorry, especially when you’re out there on your own.

Keep it simple, sharp, and within reach. Your life might depend on it.

Float for Spearfishing

Your Spearfishing Float is one of the most important safety features in your beginner spearfishing journey.

Here’s a streamlined take on what you need to know:

Visibility and Safety

A bright-colored float with a flag makes sure boats can see you.

It’s not just about being found if there’s trouble; it’s about preventing trouble in the first place.

Also if you choose a little bigger float, it will be the place where you can rest from time to time.

Practical Uses

Attached to your speargun handle, the float marks your location as you dive below.

Caught a fish? The float holds onto your catch if you need to let go.

Also you should store the fish you catch there in sharky areas (on a stinger).

Got your spear stuck? It gives you a way back to the surface without losing your gear.

Also, your float is the place to store your Snickers/banana and water. 🙂

Beyond tying it to your speargun, you can also clip the float to your weight belt with a D-ring.

Spearfishing Techniques

Shallow Water Spearfishing

Shallow water spearfishing, especially in winter, is a skillful blend of strategy and patience, often yielding impressive catches without needing deep dives.

This approach is perfect for beginners looking to get a taste of spearfishing in a more accessible and manageable environment.

Depth wise I would categorize shallow water spearfishing at around 1-6 meters.

The key here is to move slowly, use the reef structure to your advantage (hiding behind rocks, making subtle noises like scratching or grunting for pelagic species), and pick the right times—early morning or before sunset—for quieter waters.

Your gear should match the simplicity of the setting; a shorter speargun (60-80cm) and minimalistic setup can often be all you need.

To stay on the bottom, you might need more weight in comparison to freedive spearfishing (overweighing a little bit).

Spearfishing from the Surface

At the start, surface spearfishing is a fantastic way to dip your toes in. Floating on the water’s surface with either a pole spear or a speargun, a noob spearo like you (aren’t we all noobs when it comes to this sport?) can practice aiming and shooting as fish swim by.

But here’s a pro tip to boost your hit rate: don’t just shoot from the choppy surface.

Dive down to meet the fish at its level—this steadies your hand and sharpens your aim. Ideal for beginners, this method is especially good in shallower waters like tidal zones.

Hole Hunting: Spearing Hidden Fish

Ready for a bit more adventure? Hunting hidden fish in reefs or caves is your next step. You’ll need a sturdy spear because you’re going to encounter rocks and crevices. A flashlight can be your best friend here, lighting up dark spots where sneaky fish love to hide. Spearfishing in small caves you will need a robust spear with a heavy tip, as the rocky environment can be harsh on equipment. And preferably a smaller speargun (50-70 cm is ideal).

Patience is key. Take it slow, avoid the snags, and prepare for the thrill when you find your target.

Freedive Spearfishing

Once you mastered your shallowwater spearfishing, you can progress to the more advanced techniques of freedive spearfishing. In Europe there are two main spearfishing techniques:

Aspetto

“Aspetto” translates from Italian to “ambush,” a method that epitomizes the art of spearfishing. It involves descending to the seabed, blending into the environment, and patiently waiting for fish to come within range.

Here’s how to master Aspetto:

1. Setup and Patience: Dive down and settle on the ocean floor quietly, using natural covers like rocks or seaweed. Stay relaxed and minimize movements to avoid alerting nearby fish.
2. Strategic Positioning: Position yourself where you can observe fish behavior without being seen. Use shadows and the terrain to enhance concealment.
3. Trigger Curiosity: Subtle sounds can attract fish. Techniques like gentle rock scratching or making soft noises can pique their interest and draw them closer.
4. Optimal Timing: Choose the best times for Aspetto when water is quieter—early mornings or late afternoons are ideal. Pay attention to the direction and strength of currents to position yourself advantageously.
5. Precision Shooting: Wait for the perfect moment when the fish is ideally positioned for a vital shot, ideally targeting lateral lines or gills for larger fish.

Aspetto is not just about lying in wait; it’s about understanding and reacting to the underwater environment and the fish within it. It requires knowledge, patience, and a calm demeanor to effectively blend into the seascape and make the perfect catch.

Agguato– an Advanced Spearfishing Technique

Agguato, translating to ‘dynamic ambushing’ from Italian, is a spearfishing technique that demands skill and patience. As a spearo, you move stealthily across the seabed, using the natural environment to approach fish undetected.

It is a technique for more advanced spearos, but nevertheless I wanted to mention it to show you what awaits you later on your spearfishing journey.

Here’s how you will excel at Agguato:

1. Understand the Environment: Laying on the surface, familiarize yourself with the seabed’s structure, noting changes in depth and any obstacles that could serve as cover.
2. Optimal Conditions: Use currents to your advantage. Moving against the current can help keep your presence unknown to the prey.
3. Stealth Approach: Remain as inconspicuous as possible, using rocks and other natural features to conceal your approach. Minimize noise and movements to avoid startling the fish.
4. Strategic Positioning: Position yourself so the sunlight is against the fish’s face, reducing their ability to see you clearly.
5. Effective Shot: Approach from an angle that allows a clear shot, aiming for a moment when the fish is least expecting and physically ready for a swift, clean action.

Mastering Agguato not only challenges your physical abilities but also enhances your understanding of the underwater world and fish behavior, requiring both practice and patience.

Scuba Spearfishing

Spearfishing with a scuba tank sometimes makes sense, for example when you are spearfishing for invasive species like lionfish.

But in most parts of the world it is prohibited.

And let’s be honest- It’s cheating anyway.

Spearfishing Safety

Last but not least… Nothing is worth risking your health.

So here are a few tips on how to stay safe while spearfishing:

1. Buddy System: Always dive with a buddy; never spearfish alone.
2. Breathing: Avoid hyperventilating before dives; it can lead to shallow water blackout.
3. Stay Hydrated: Keep hydrated and steer clear of alcohol before diving.
4. Environmental Awareness: Understand and respect the conditions you dive in, including currents, waves, and wind.
5. Visibility: Use a float and flag to increase your visibility to boats.
6. Gun Safety: Never point your speargun at anyone, and only load and shoot in the water.
7. Handling Catch: In shark-prevalent areas, avoid carrying fish on your body.
8. Conservation: Follow local conservation rules and fishing limits.
9. Surface Interval: Maintain a surface interval at least twice as long as your dive time.
10. Equalization: Equalize early and often to protect your ears.
11. Plan Sharing: Check diving conditions and share your plan with someone onshore.
12. Avoid Traffic: Stay out of areas with high boat traffic to reduce risk of accidents.

There you have it; the ultimate guide to beginner spearfishing.

FAQs