I started spearfishing South Africa when I was 15, with a secondhand speargun and no clue what I was doing.
No books, no mentors- just one thing in my head: there are big sharks in these waters.
I swam out, shot a Galjoen, and dragged it to shore without getting close to the fish.
That was the start.
Since then, I’ve traveled the entire coastline, diving places I used to dream about:
Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, chasing Yellowfin Tuna, King Mackerel and Giant Trevally.
The first time I got up there, it was surreal.
30-meter visibility, warm blue water, completely different from home.
But Spearfishing Cape Town has its own magic.
The kelp forests, the rugged coastline, and the power of the open ocean make it one of the most incredible places to dive.
Whether you’re after big pelagics in the warm waters up north or weaving through Cape Town’s kelp forests, this guide covers everything you need to know about spearfishing South Africa.
South Africa Fish Species for Spearfishing
South Africa’s coastline is home to an incredible 2,200+ fish species, which makes it almost impossible to keep track of them all. Out of those, there are about 20 local species that we really focus on as spearos.
Here are some of them:
Spearfishing Yellowtail Kingfish in South Africa
Yellowtail Kingfish are abundant from October to January, especially around Cape Point and False Bay. You can even shore dive for them when conditions are right. If you want to draw them in, flashers work quite well for them.
Yellowtail Kingfish are a solid target if you’re diving Cape Town waters during their season- definitely worth going for.
Spearfishing Yellowfin Tuna in South Africa
Yellowfin Tuna are the main big pelagic species we target along the South African coast. They usually appear twice a year- from March to mid-June and again from mid-September to December. During these months, you’ve got a solid chance to land one, with the best sizes usually between 60kg and 85kg.
In December, it gets trickier. The water warms up to about 22–23 degrees, and the bigger Yellowfin move further offshore into deeper, cooler water. If you’re not set up for deeper dives or don’t have the right gear, you might find yourself missing out.
I’ll be honest, one of the toughest parts of targeting Yellowfin is being ready for them when they show up. I’ve had days when I was set up with a reel gun for smaller tuna, like Longfin, only to watch a massive 60kg Yellowfin swim right past me.
In moments like that, there’s nothing you can do except watch and appreciate the fish.
Marlin
If you are searching for your own Ernest Hemingway moment, then you have got to go after the only fish that can spear you back: The mighty Marlin.
You can encounter them from January-March at Struisbaai.
As I am writing this I am getting pictures from my spearo buddies who shot two specimen, 155kg and 358kg in the last couple of weeks.
So if you go after them, make sure you bring the big guns and some of your buddies with you to lift them onto the boat.
King Mackerel
King Mackerel, or Couta, are hands-down one of my favorite fish to hunt.
Because unlike some of the other big pelagics, you can actually chase them, which makes the whole thing more exciting.
The best time to target King Mackerel in SA is during the winter months- July, August, and September– right after a big southwesterly front. These calm periods give you a short window of clear water to work with, so timing is everything.
When I’m after King Mackerel, I set up my flasher at mid-water and drift. The trick is to stay calm and watch how the fish moves.
When they come in to inspect the flasher, I dive down and level off with them. I’ll stay just behind their tail, so they don’t see me.
King Mackerel are sneaky- they’ll usually turn their nose into the current, which makes it harder to get close.
But if you’re patient, they’ll eventually turn to check you out. That’s your moment to strike: You kick once and shoot.
Hunting King Mackerel takes patience, but when you get it right, the rush is unbeatable.
Wahoo
Wahoo are some of the most exciting pelagic fish to target along the South African coast. You’ll usually find them in small groups of three to six, drifting about 30 to 40 meters off the reef over sandy areas.
The best time to target Wahoo in SA is in the winter months- July, August, and September– right after a big southwesterly front. When the storm passes, the water clears, and you get one or two days of perfect conditions. That’s when you’ll find them.
The key to hunting Wahoo is patience and subtlety.
When you see one approaching, don’t look directly at it. Instead, keep it in the corner of your eye and stay still.
Wahoo are curious and will often swim closer on their own. Avoid moving your gun or swimming toward them too early. Let them broadside near you, and only then make your move.
Dorado (Mahi Mahi), Marlin, Sailfish and More
Dorado (Mahi Mahi) are one of the most sustainable fish you can target here. They mature quickly- within four to five months- and travel in large shoals. Since they’re pelagic and not heavily targeted commercially, they’re a responsible choice for spearfishers.
In the warmer waters up north, you’ll find Marlin and Sailfish. These giants are part of the pelagic species that you are allowed to hunt in marine protected areas, like the Isimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal (please always double check with the local authorities first).
If you’re after something equally rewarding, you can target Cobia, which is seen from time to time. They occur in the winter months often swimming with sharks, rays and whale sharks.
Queen Mackerel (Natal Snoek), while smaller than King Mackerel, are another great target, especially in the northern parts of the coast.
Reef Species
Red Roman is one of the most common reef species you’ll come across. These bright red fish, with their distinctive white bands, can grow up to four kilograms. They’re easy to spot and make an excellent target for beginners.
Another favorite is the Cape Bream (Hottentot). These fish are not only great eating but also accessible, with a minimum size of 30cm. You’ll often find them in calmer, nearshore waters, making them a good option for newer divers.
For those seeking a challenge, there’s the Copper Steenbras. These iconic fish can grow up to a whopping 80 kilograms, but they’re heavily regulated. You’re allowed to take just one per day. Season is closed 1 October to 30 November
Then there’s the Galjoen, South Africa’s national fish. That is the first fish I ever speared. Galjoen being the first endemic fish species to be identified in South Africa. They are strong cunning fighters when caught on rod and line.Other notable reef species are the Miss Lucy (Red Stumpnose) and Carpenters.
Spearfishing Regulations in South Africa
South Africa Spearfishing License
If you want to spearfish legally in South Africa, you’ll need a recreational fishing permit with a spearfishing endorsement. Anyone 12 years or older can get one, and it’s pretty straightforward.
- Online Application: You can apply through the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE). Just register, apply, and you’re set.
- Post Office: If you prefer the old-school way, you can grab your permit at any South African Post Office (SAPO) branch.
The South African Spearfishing Licence will cost you 87 Rand.
Minimum Conservation Reference Sizes & Bag Limits for Spearfishing South Africa
South Africa has such a variety in species, that it would go beyond the scope of this article to list them all.
Nevertheless I have listed some of the most thought after species for spearfishing and their MCRS as well as bag limits for you*:
| Species (Common and Scientific Name) | Minimum Legal Size (cm) | Daily Bag Limit | Closed Season |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) | 3.2 kg | 10 | None |
| Yellowtail (Seriola lalandi) | None | 10 | None |
| King Mackerel (Couta) (Scomberomorus commerson) | None | 10 | None |
| Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) | None | 10 | None |
| Garrick (Leerfish) (Lichia amia) | 70 | 2 | None |
| Galjoen (Dichistius capensis) | 35 | 2 | 15 Oct – End Feb |
| Red Roman (Chrysoblephus laticeps) | 30 | 2 | None |
| Two-Tone Fingerfin (Butterfish) (Chirodactylus grandis) | None | 5 | None |
| Hottentot (Cape Bream) (Pachymetopon blochii) | 22 | 10 | None |
| Dusky Kob (Daga Salmon) (Argyrosomus japonicus) | 60 | 1 | None |
| Silver Kob (Argyrosomus inodorus) | 50 | 5 | None |
| Squaretail Kob (Half Kob) (Argyrosomus thorpei) | 40 | 5 | None |
| Snoek (Cape Snoek) (Thyrsites atun) | 60 | 10 | None |
| Geelbek (Cape Salmon) (Atractoscion aequidens) | 60 | 2 | None |
| Black Musselcracker (Poenskop) (Cymatoceps nasutus) | 50 | 1 | None |
| White Musselcracker (Brusher) (Sparodon durbanensis) | 60 | 2 | None |
| Santer (Soldier) (Cheimerius nufar) | 30 | 5 | None |
| Scotsman (Polysteganus praeorbitalis) | 40 | 1 | None |
| Carpenter (Silverfish) (Argyrozona argyrozona) | 35 | 4 | None |
| Octopus (Octopus vulgaris) | None | 5 | None |
| Cuttlefish (Sepia spp.) | None | None | None |
Additionally to the table, you can check out this PDF with illustrations, minimum sizes and bag limits for Spearfishing in South Africa.
For more information like protected species in South Africa, you should check out the Marine Recreational Fishing Information and Permit Conditions Brochure.
*The restrictions may change over the years, I am trying my best to keep them updated, but I recommend, that you always check out the official resources of the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment South Africa.
Spearfishing Spots in South Africa: Cape Town & More
South Africa’s coastline is packed with incredible spearfishing spots, from beginner-friendly areas with calm waters to more challenging locations that demand experience and local knowledge. I will list some of the best shore dives in south africa for spearfishing as well as some nice boating spots.
To avoid spot burning, we won’t name specific locations, but we will give you general areas and rely on the spearo community to approach these areas responsibly- respecting marine life, local regulations, and the environment.
Spearfishing Capetown
Rooi-Els
Rooi-Els offers spectacular kelp beds and vibrant underwater scenery, with soft corals adding plenty of color to the dives. It’s a safe spot too, with smaller sharks like pajama sharks and shy sharks that aren’t really a threat to spearos. That makes it a great destination for spearfishing around Cape Town for noob divers.
You’ll often find species like Hottentot (Cape Bream) and Butterfish in these waters. The dive site is accessible from the turning bay at the end of Rocklands Road, but getting in requires a bit of scrambling over rocks, so some agility and fitness are needed. Visibility here can vary, and the site is exposed to south-westerly swells, so it’s worth checking the sea conditions before heading out.
Dassen Island
Dassen Island, on the west coast, is another great spot. It’s about 8km offshore, and you’ve got a mix of species like Hottentot (Cape Bream), Red Roman and cape snoek.
In addition you can also encounter Yellowtail Kingfish though they are known to be particularly skittish and fast-moving in this area. The kelp beds around the island make it a beautiful place to dive, and it’s just a short boat drive to the launch point.
Cape Point
Cape Point is an amazing spot for spearfishing, but you’ve got to be careful. There are some great shallower areas, but stay well away from the seal colonies– they attract big sharks, including great whites and can be aggressive themselves.
If you’re new to spearfishing, this isn’t the place to go without someone experienced. The conditions can be challenging with strong tidal currents, but if you know what you’re doing, Cape Point can be seriously rewarding.
Mossel Bay
Mossel Bay is a spot I’d avoid unless you’re experienced. The dense seal populations here attract big sharks and great whites are often spotted along this part of the coast.
Struisbaai
Struisbaai, at the southernmost tip of Africa, is an incredible place to dive. In the summer months, the water is around 22 to 23 degrees, turquoise blue, with beaches as white as snow.
It honestly feels like you’re on a tropical island- it’s absolutely stunning.
What makes Struisbaai special is the mix of species: You get a combination of Cape Town’s colder water fish and warmer water species, all in one spot!
But this area isn’t without its risks. Struisbaai has one of the biggest concentrations of great white sharks in the world so there is always a possibility of one coming in to have a look.
That said, diving here is fantastic. There are also shipwrecks scattered around the area, lying in shallow waters between 8 and 15 meters, making them easily accessible and fun to explore.
Sodwana Bay
Sodwana Bay is a spearfisher’s dream and part of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, a World Heritage Site.
The waters here are warm and crystal-clear (5- 30+ m visibility), which makes it one of the best places to spearfish in South Africa.
The area is famous for its pristine coral reefs and rich marine life, which draws spearos from all over the world.
This is the place to target big pelagic species like Wahoo, King Mackerel, and Cobia. You might even encounter Marlin and Sailfish if you’re lucky.
Where there are big game fish- you guessed it…
… There are plenty of sharks too: You’ll often see tiger sharks, bull sharks, and blacktips, sometimes several in a single day.
However, pelagics are the main species allowed in this protected area, so reef species are off-limits.
The local reefs include 1/4 Mile Reef and Two Mile Reef which are exclusively for scuba diving.
The no-take zone for the MPA is from the launch site at Jesser Point and ends at the northern point of Nine Mile reef.
The no take sanctuary zone begins again at Dog Point which is roughly 18 NM north of Nine mile reef.
South of the launch site for 12NM you may spearfish for pelagics. South of the beacon markers on the sand dune it’s a sanctuary no take zone.
It’s a stunning place to dive, but definitely suited for experienced divers who know how to handle pelagic species in the presence of sharks.
Best Seasons for Spearfishing in South Africa
If you’re planning a trip, it’s a good idea to allow at least two weeks. South Africa’s weather can be unpredictable, so flexibility is key to hitting the right conditions for the species you’re targeting.
The best season depends on what you’re targeting, with each time of year offering something unique.
If you’re after Yellowtail Kingfish, they frequent the Cape all year round with the peak season being from October to January.
Yellowfin Tuna are best between March and mid-June, and again from mid-September to December. By December, the water warms up too much for the bigger tuna, and they move further offshore into cooler, deeper waters.
For big pelagics like Wahoo, King Mackerel, and Cobia, the northern coast is your best bet between June and September. This period lines up with calmer winter weather and the famous sardine run in June, which brings in plenty of activity.
If you’re just starting out or planning a family trip, the summer months (November to February) are ideal. The water is warmer, visibility tends to be better, and it’s a good time for beginner-friendly reef diving.
Spearfishing Guide South Africa:
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Interested in a Guided Spearfishing Trip in South Africa?
Richard is going to take you on a trip you will not forget!
Ocean Conditions in South Africa
The north coast will provide better diving from a boat, due to strong currents where the Sothern coast is more accessible for shore diving based on the swell and tides
The northern coast of South Africa, influenced by the Mozambique Current, offers warmer, clearer waters and world-class coral reefs, making it ideal for spearfishers looking for predictable bluewater dives. However, the strong currents in this region make boat diving the better option.In contrast, the southern coast, where the Agulhas and Benguela Currents meet, features colorful soft corals and rich ecosystems.
It’s shaped by big ocean swells in winter, bringing colder, more unpredictable conditions. While this makes planning essential, the diving here is often more accessible from shore, as the conditions depend more on tides and swell rather than strong currents.
Always check the wind, tides, and swell forecasts before heading out.
Here are some Tools that you can use tho check the Ocean & Weather Conditions in SA:
- Swell: Swell.co.za
- Wind: Windfinder or Windguru+
- Combined: Windy.com (this is my favourite so far)
Ocean Conditions in Cape Town
South Africa’s ocean conditions are as diverse as its coastline. From cold, challenging waters in the south to warm, crystal-clear diving up north, we got it all:
In Cape Town, visibility can range from 4 to 10 meters, depending on the day and the winds. On perfect days, you might get beyond 15 meters, but it’s not something to count on.
When hunting for Yellowfin Tuna in the deep off Cape Town, the visibility is even better: 15-30m.
The water here is cold, averaging 16°C to 21°C, so a 5mm wetsuit is a must.
The area is also exposed to strong currents and swells, which can make diving tricky, especially for beginners.
Ocean Conditions Sodwana Bay
Head further north to places like Sodwana Bay, and you’ll find a completely different experience. The visibility often exceeds 30 meters, and the water temperatures can climb to 30°C, making it a warm and inviting destination for spearfishers.
One thing to keep in mind when diving anywhere in South Africa is the unpredictable weather. We easily experience four seasons in a single day.
Staying Safe in SA Waters
Apart from the usual tips to stay safe (like diving with a buddy, speargun safety and knowing your limits), here are some special safety tips for spearfishing South Africa:
Dive with Good Visibility (6 meters +)
For beginners, visibility is key. Aim for at least 8 meters to improve your chances. Experienced divers might take a shot in as little as 4 meters, but I would not recommend it unless you know the area well.
Also, Kelp beds are a great place to start- they offer some protection from predators and attract smaller fish that draw Yellowtail in.
Sharks and Seals
If you hear about spearfishing in South Africa, one thing comes immediately to mind: Sharks.
But if you are mentally prepared and stay calm, sharks are far less of a real danger than shallow water blackout.
We’ve lost plenty of spearo legends over the years- very few of them to sharks.
Here are some tips to stay safe from sharks in SA & protect your catch from sneaky seals:
- Avoid diving near seal colonies, especially at Cape Point and Mossel Bay, as they attract great whites.
- Bull sharks are common near river mouths, particularly after heavy rain, and it’s illegal to dive inside estuaries for good reason- they hunt there, especially when the water is murky- Try to dive in clear conditions.
Seals won’t attack divers but will steal fish, so using a zippered float bag helps keep your catch safe.
Gear for Spearfishing in South Africa
Having the right gear can make all the difference when spearfishing in South Africa. Especially when going for the big boys.
Conditions change a lot depending on where you dive, so you need a setup that suits the environment.
Wetsuit Choice
In Cape Town and the Southern coast, the water is cold, so a 5mm open-cell wetsuit is a must. If you are more sensitive to the cold you might even switch to a 6 or 7mm in the winter months.
Further north, in places like Sodwana Bay, the water is much warmer, and many divers switch to thinner suits: Here you will be fine with a 3mm in Winter or even you can even go with a diveskin in summer (be aware that there are jellyfish, when onshore winds blow, so make sure you are not going without some kind of body protection/ wetsuit).
Speargun Choice
I would advise you to take two guns- one for shorediving and one for bluewater fun.
Shorediving Capetown:
When it comes to taking guns out to shore dives, you need something tough.
The swell, rocky shore dives, and rough conditions mean carbon guns don’t last. That’s why most guys use aluminum guns– you can throw them down on the rocks without worrying.
For reef and kelp beds, a 80cm- 100cm gun is the go-to. It’s compact, easy to handle, and perfect for weaving through kelp.
But if you’re hunting kingfish outside the kelp, you need more range.
That’s where a 1.1m roller gun comes in- it gives you the extra reach and power to punch through bigger fish.
As a beginner you want to keep the reel at home- use a buoy setup instead.
Blue Water Hunting up North:
Up north, in places like Sodwana Bay and Durban, the water is warm, the visibility is great, and you’re targeting big pelagics. That means you need a bigger gun.
Most guys use a 130- 150cm speargun, usually rigged with two 14mm bands, a 7.5mm spear, and a slip tip.
When hunting marlin, sailfish, or big tuna, a breakaway rig with a 30m float line and bungee floats is key.
You don’t want to be wrestling a fish like that on a reel gun. This setup lets the fish fight the float, not you.
FAQ
Is spearfishing legal in South Africa?
Yes, spearfishing is legal in South Africa, but it is highly regulated. Certain species are protected, and there are strict bag limits and size restrictions to promote sustainability. Spearfishing is also restricted in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), where you can only hunt for pelagic species.
Is a Spearfishing License Required in South Africa?
Yes, you need a recreational fishing permit to spearfish in South Africa. This can be obtained online through the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) or from a local post office.
What Are the Best Spearfishing Spots in South Africa?
Sodwana Bay in the north offers warm, clear waters and big pelagics like King Mackerel and Wahoo. The southern coast, including Cape Town, features rugged shore diving, kelp forests, and species like Yellowtail, Red Roman as well as huge Yellowfin Tuna, when offshore winds blow. Dassen Island, False Bay, and Struisbaai also offer great diving, depending on conditions and experience.
What Is the Best Time of Year for Spearfishing in South Africa?
The best time depends on what you’re targeting. Yellowtail Kingfish peak from October to January, while Yellowfin Tuna are best from March to mid-June and again from mid-September to December. Big pelagics like Wahoo and King Mackerel are most active from June to September, coinciding with the annual sardine run in winter. For family-friendly conditions, summer months (November to February) offer warmer water and cleaner visibility.
Disclaimer: The information provided on this blog is intended for general informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute legal, sporting, or professional advice. Spearfishing involves inherent risks, and the regulatory information presented herein may not be current or complete. Before engaging in spearfishing or relying on any information from this blog, readers should verify the applicable local laws and safety regulations and consult with appropriate professionals as needed. Under no circumstances will the blog author or publisher be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, or other damages arising from any reliance on the content provided.
1 Comment
Well done